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Biographical/historical information

July 6, 2015 By GHS

GEORGE IVANOVICH GURDJIEFF

George Ivanovich (G.I.) Gurdjieff was a spiritual leader who advocated for achieving a higher state of consciousness through what he called “The Work” which was internal work on oneself. Born in Russia in the late 19th century to parents of Greek and Armenian origin, Gurdjieff taught in Russia, Georgia, Turkey, France, and eventually the United States.

Gurdjieff taught that the way to experience “The Work,” was actual physical labor. He emphasized strenuous labor combined with lectures, music, and sacred dance. His focus was to increase mindfulness and minimize daydreaming. Gurdjieff’s choreography, called “Movements,” was one method he used to help followers clear and focus their minds. The Movements were not intended for performance, but for spiritual contemplation. Practitioners would repeat movements over and over again until they were perfect and second-nature, allowing them to use the Movements as a form of meditation.

His followers included composer Thomas de Hartmann and his wife Olga, who became Gurdjieff’s secretary; Jeanne de Salzmann (who founded the Gurdjieff Foundation in 1949); Alfred Orage (who would eventually supervise The Work in New York); P.D. Ouspensky (one of Gurdjieff’s earliest followers) and many others. Among his early pupils was Jessmin Howarth, who became an expert on Gurdjieff’s Movements and how they should be performed. Other Movement students included Alfred Etievan and Marthe de Gainernon.

JESSMIN HOWARTH

Jessmin Howarth began her career as a dancer in 1912 when she registered at the Institute of Dalcroze Eurythmics in Germany, which eventually led to a job with the Paris Opera in the early 1920s. In Paris, Howarth encountered Jeanne de Salzmann, who introduced her to Gurdjieff. She immediately began studying the Movements and assumed the task of teaching and preserving the Movements as they were created.

On a Movement Demonstration trip to New York in 1924, Howarth discovered she was pregnant with Gurdjieff’s child. After giving birth to her daughter Dushka Howarth later that year, she moved to California and then London, returning to the United States at the start of World War II.

After Gurdjieff’s death in 1949, Howarth set about compiling accurate Movement notations and recordings and supervised the training of Movement instructors, assistants, and pianists. She travelled to France to assist Jeanne de Salzmann with filming Movements for posterity. She was also a consultant on the 1979 film Meetings with Remarkable Men. She retired from teaching Movements at the Gurdjieff Foundation in 1978, but continued to lead Movement Seminars until her death in 1984.

DUSHKA HOWARTH

Dushka Howarth was raised in the United States and London by her mother and had little contact with Gurdjieff as a child, though she learned of his teachings and the Movements. In 1949, she traveled to Paris with five other young women to train with Gurdjieff in the Movements, and went on to lead Movement classes in London. Howarth also worked as a tour guide in Paris, followed by a career as a folk singer under the name “Dushka, the Jet-Set Gypsy.”

In 1986, Jeanne de Salzmann’s daughter Nathalie de Etievan (wife of Alfred Etievan) asked Howarth to return to teaching Movements and join her in South America to help supervise and establish Movement classes. Howarth went on to visit South America many times over the next ten years and conducted Movement seminars, trained teachers, and recruited new pupils.

GURDJIEFF HERITAGE SOCIETY

Dushka Howarth was a founding member of the Gurdjieff Heritage Society, which sought to preserve the Movements and Gurdjieff’s teachings in their original form. To do this, members gathered original notes, photographs, music, and descriptions of Movements from around the world in order to compile definitive instructions for as many Movements as possible. The Society also lent resources and support to others undertaking Gurdjieff preservation projects, such as Gert-Jan Blom’s preservation of Gurdjieff’s harmonium recordings. As the artistic director of Netherland’s Metropole Orchestra, Blom was also able to produce full orchestra recordings of Gurdjieff’s music with assistance from the Society.

In 2009, the Gurdjieff Heritage Society published Dushka Howarth’s book It’s Up To Ourselves: A Mother, A Daughter, G.I. Gurdjieff, A Shared Memoir and Family Photo Album. Howarth researched the material for the book over a ten-year period and used her mother’s essays, correspondence, photographs, and the accounts of others to piece together the story of Jessmin Howarth’s life and her own experiences with Gurdjieff and his pupils. Dushka Howarth continued to work with the Gurdjieff Heritage Society until her death in 2010.
Scope and arrangement

The Howarth Gurdjieff Archive (1910-2010) holds notes and writings collected by Dushka and Jessmin Howarth and the Gurdjieff Heritage Society in order to preserve the integrity of G.I. Gurdjieff’s teachings and Movements (sacred dances), as well as Dushka and Jessmin Howarth’s family papers and research for the book It’s Up To Ourselves: A Mother, A Daughter, and G.I. Gurdjieff, A Shared Memoir and Family Photo Album.Audiovisual material from this collection has been separated. Inquiries regarding audiovisual material in the collection may be directed to the Jerome Robbins Dance Division (dance@nypl.org). Audiovisual material will be subject to preservation evaluation and migration prior to access.

The Howarth Gurdjieff Archive is arranged in four series:

Series I: Movements

Series I contains material compiled by the Gurdjieff Heritage Society and Dushka and Jessmin Howarth with the intent of organizing and preserving the integrity of the Gurdjieff Movements. Movements, or sacred dances, constitute an integral part of the Gurdjieff Work.

Series II: Dushka and Jessmin Howarth Papers

The Dushka and Jessmin Howarth Papers include correspondence, scrapbooks, Gurdjieff memorabilia, photographs, and other materials belonging to and collected by them.Much of the correspondence is between Dushka and Jessmin Howarth from the late 1940s and early 1950s when Dushka was living in Europe and studying the Movements. The letters cover topics such as Jessmin’s health and work in New York, Dushka’s living arrangements and travels in Europe, and Gurdjieff’s failing health. There are also many letters to Dushka in the weeks after Gurdjieff’s death, describing the state of affairs among his followers in New York, and requesting reports on the situation in Europe. Later letters are remembrances about certain Movements, and Dushka’s descriptions of her time performing and working on cruise ships in the 1960s and 1970s.

Dushka Howarth’s correspondence from the 1980s to 2007 concerns the research, editing, and publication of It’s Up To Ourselves as well as conversations about preserving the integrity of Movements and inquiries from Movement students and instructors about discrepancies in teaching they have experienced. These discussions lead to the formation of the Gurdjieff Heritage Society. Frequent correspondents include her agent Billie Biderman and Walter Driscoll, editor of a Gurdjieff bibliography. There is also correspondence and flyers relating to Howarth’s membership and participation in the Gurdjieff Foundation, the Gurdjieff Heritage Society, and other related organizations. Gurdjieff Heritage Society material consists of original text files with website content as well as correspondence and photographs documenting the Society’s collaboration with Gert-Jan Blom.

Outside of her exchanges with Dushka, Jessmin Howarth’s other correspondence details life as a follower of Gurdjieff teachings. Some correspondence is outgoing only, as these letters were returned to Jessmin once she began working to reconstruct the Movements. Correspondence with Ethel Merston includes original letters, photocopies, and a notebook of transcribed letters in Jessmin’s hand.

This series holds a small selection of correspondence from Bernard Metz and Elizabeth Gordon to others which was collected by the Howarths. Metz was a note-taker at many of Gurdjieff’s early lectures. The letters from Gordon to Margaret Matthews date from 1924 to 1930 and were given to Jessmin Howarth by Margaret Matthews. Matthews and Gordon were both members of Gurdjieff’s all-female Work group, “The Rope.”

Other items include Jessmin and Dushka Howarth’s passports, appointment books, and address books; and programs, photographs, and contracts from Dushka’s time as a folk singer. Photographs include many images of Dushka Howarth as a child as well as reproductions of photographs of Gurdjieff and his followers. There is a set of labeled and mounted reproductions used for an unidentified exhibit in 2004. These photos depict Gurdjieff alongside his early followers. Gurdjieff memorabilia includes programs and posters from performances and lectures by Gurdjieff and others who transmitted and followed his Work.

Scrapbooks were given to Howarth by others and include a book that depicts the early group working in France, making costumes for the Movements, and performing in exhibitions from 1921 to 1924. A second scrapbook chronicles P.D. Ouspensky’s 1910 trip to India. Most images are of buildings and scenic views.

Series III: Research

Dushka Howarth’s research files consist of internet printouts and photocopies of articles with annotations which she used when writing It’s Up To Ourselves. Research was filed by subject (such as Fourth Way groups), or by individual (such as teachers Osha and John G. Bennett), though the bulk of the research was filed under “Gurdjieff.” These files include copies of articles (primarily from the internet) documenting his life, his work, and his influence. Arranged alphabetically by file title.

Series IV: Writings and Publications

Writings and publications consist of copies of articles, typescripts, and pamphlets collected by Dushka and Jessmin Howarth to preserve and share Gurdjieff research and drafts of It’s Up To Ourselves. The files include memoirs from former Gurdjieff followers such as Olga de Hartmann and Joyce Collin-Smith, as well as contemporary writers’ thoughts on the Gurdjieff methods and various film and theatre scripts about Gurdjieff’s life. There are also transcripts of lectures by Gurdjieff and Alfred Orage. Published journals on Gurdjieff and other related spiritual research are here, the bulk of which are copies of the Gurdjieff International Review. Arranged alphabetically by author or journal title.

Administrative information

Source of acquisition
Donated by Dushka Howarth and the Gurdjieff Heritage Society, Inc., 2012, 2014.

Processing information
Compiled by Lea Jordan, 2015
The hard drive and floppy disks that comprise the Electronic Records were forensically imaged for preservation. Audiovisual material has been separated.

Key terms

Names
Gurdjieff, Georges Ivanovitch, 1872-1949
Howarth, Jessmin
Ouspensky, Mme.
Gurdjieff Heritage Society

Subjects
Dance — Religious aspects
Spiritual exercises
Spiritual leaders and thinkers
Spiritual life

Material types
Photographs
Scrapbooks

Using the collection

Location
Jerome Robbins Dance Division
New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, Dorothy and Lewis B. Cullman Center
40 Lincoln Center Plaza, New York, NY 10023-7498
Third Floor

Access to materials
Collection is open to the public. Library policy on photography and photocopying will apply. Advance notice may be required.

Conditions Governing Use
The author/creator retains copyright of materials. For information on obtaining permission to publish, contact the Dance Division at dance@nypl.org.

Access restrictions
Inquiries regarding audiovisual material in the collection may be directed to the Jerome Robbins Dance Division (dance@nypl.org). Audiovisual material will be subject to preservation evaluation and migration prior to access.

© The New York Public Library, 2015 — Built by NYPL Labs

More Good News

September 12, 2012 By GHS

Good news to all about the new Howarth Gurdjieff Archive, on the occasion of Dushka’s birthday month!

The archive provides a wealth of previously unpublished multimedia resources for Gurdjieff Movements teachers and musicians who play for Movements classes.

We are pleased that the final library shipments of the Gurdjieff Movements resources and Dushka Howarth’s other archive materials are due by end of September. Next, the research department of the New York Public Library, the Jerome Robbins Dance Division, begins its own archiving process to provide an on-line catalog and non-circulating, public archive access in its secured reading room located at Lincoln Center, NY, NY.

This extensive paper, photographic and mixed media collection at NYPL will be called the “Howarth Gurdjieff Archive. ” It is intended to be cross-referenced with other materials at NYPL related to the Gurdjieff Work. Much of the archive contents will be publicly available for the first time.

In the coming months, look in the NYPL on-line catalog and Finding Aids on the NYPL website for what is publicly available:
http://catalog.nypl.org

We all owe much heartfelt thanks for a wide range of volunteer assistance and donations from supporters around the world. They enabled the preliminary preparations needed for the NYPL curators to assimilate the massive archive collection more effectively.

We are also grateful to NYPL for the Performing Arts which, after a year of exploration and deliberations following Dushka Howarth’s death, accepted the voluminous Howarth Gurdjieff Archive. NYPL is now the permanent repository of original Gurdjieff Movements resource materials, many of which become more fragile with age and require preservation expertise. These rare original materials were assembled by Jessmin Howarth and her daughter Dushka Howarth (daughter of George I. Gurdjieff), both renown international Gurdjieff Movements authorities.

With the Howarth Gurdjieff Archive now at NYPL as an invaluable resource for the authentic transmission of the Gurdjieff Movements, the Gurdjieff Heritage Society Inc will focus on other aspects of its mission. This is a new opportunity for anyone who wishes to continue on-going support, or to newly join in. We especially wish to hear again from experienced Movements teachers who expressed an interest in helping with the preliminary archive preparations, but could not because of time or distance limitations. Now we have a new capacity for such volunteer Movements teachers to help remotely over the internet.

In particular, an experiment is being considered to form up to three informal
voluntary “advisory groups.” These groups could be connected through the internet
to facilitate international participation, support effective use of the archive at NYPL,
make suggestions and/or provide relevant expertise for future related activities.

If you or someone you know has a special interest or expertise related to any of the following, please join our email distribution list now. Unless you have already done so, please re-join to fill out our brief survey form which is intended to guide later follow-up regarding possible advisory groups:

1) Gurdjieff Movements
2) Gurdjieff Music
3) publication of a possible future second edition of the Howarth memoirs in the future, and/or appropriate archive materials, including “IT’S UP TO OURSELVES”, A Mother A Daughter and Gurdjieff, a shared memoir and family photo album.”

The on-line links to join the email distribution list,
or to re-join for survey questions,
are found at www.GurdjieffHeritageSociety.org until September 30th, and
continuing thereafter at www.Gurdjieff-Heritage-Society.org.

In any event, we hope you make good use of the Howarth Gurdjieff Archive, soon and in many years to come.

With best wishes –
Gurdjieff Heritage Society, Inc.

News

August 23, 2012 By GHS

Today I posted the information regarding Dushka’s Estate, included is her last requests, her intentions, and her will. We at GHS believe Dushka, knowing her straight forward openness, would approve this. We have received requests for information about her intentions regarding her collection of Gurdjieff related movements and other items of important value, and her intent to make certain that it would be available for public viewing.

–Stephen E. Foster (Webmaster) please address any comment or inquiry to inquiries@box2163.temp.domains

Good News

March 6, 2012 By GHS

The “Howarth Gurdjieff Archive” has been officially accepted by the research department of the New York Public Library. A significant portion of Dushka Howarth’s personal collection related to the Gurdjieff Work, Gurdjieff Movements and music, has been delivered to the research department at the Jerome Robbins Dance Division of the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts in New York, NY. Many thanks for the recent generous donations and other assistance through the years from supporters who helped make this possible. There is still much more archival preparation work to be done.

For more detailed news, see both current and continuing updates at http://www.GurdjieffHeritageSociety.org.
After giving NYPL several months for their intake process, you may call the Jerome Robbins Dance Division to inquire about the anticipated date of availability at (212) 870-1657.

Work continues by the Gurdjieff Heritage Society, Inc. to prepare the remaining voluminous and fragile archive materials from Dushka Howarth’s estate, including materials from Jessmin Howarth’s original Movements notes and resources, before future delivery to the NYPL research department.

For more information how to help, check periodically at http://www.GurdjieffHeritageSociety.org

PAST ARCHIVE MATERIALS OF DUSHKA AND JESSMIN HOWARTH

July 6, 2011 By GHS

Work is in progress by the Gurdjieff Heritage Society, Inc. to continue the process started earlier by Dushka Howarth to transfer her archive materials to the research division of the New York Public Library. The archive includes materials related to the Gurdjieff Movements and music, since both Dushka Howarth and her mother Jessmin Howarth studied Movements directly with Mr. Gurdjieff during the earliest years and were widely known authorities on their original transmission.

A newer website at http:// www.GurdjieffHeritageSociety.org provides a link for on-line tax-deductible contributions for the much needed support for this effort, through an affiliated, supporting non-profit organization with 501(c)(3) status.

The newer website at http:// www.GurdjieffHeritageSociety.org also has periodic updates regarding progress with the “Howarth Gurdjieff Archive.” Anyone interested in being informed when Dushka’s archive of Work materials has been situated for appropriate access for study purposes, please check either website periodically and join the Gurdjieff Heritage Society email list.

Your informing us of your interest in, any volunteer assistance for, this important archival Work resource is vital and needed support to the overall archive project.

Archive updates (after the death of Dushka Howarth in 2010), in reverse chronological order:

September 2011
The first transfer of archive materials to the New York Public Library occurred in September. Over 100 published books related to the Gurdjieff Fourth Way Work and its students, which NYPL did not already have in its existing collections, were sent to NYPL research division at the Stephen A. Schwarzman Building, Fifth Avenue at 42nd Street. These books are being assimilated by NYPL, and are beginning to be available to the public as research materials. Many are rare, out-of-print, limited editions, private publications, and/or with notations by elders of the Work community.
You can see a list of the books sent to NYPL at http://www.GurdjieffHeritageSociety.org/pages/ghs-nypl1109-104books.html. You can also look for them in the NYPL on-line catalog at http://catalog.nypl.org. Use your imagination when searching the NYPL on-line catalog. Besides using “Author” and “Title” categories for your searches, you can also

(a) use “keywords” category to search authors and titles more broadly,

(b) use English titles and keywords to find non-English materials, and

(c) try alternate spellings. For example, P. D. Ouspensky is coded as “Uspenskiĭ, P D” by the NYPL.

December 2011
The future archive collection is expected to be established in the research division of the New York Public Library, under the name “Howarth Gurdjieff Archive,” with cross-references to materials already in NYPL about the Gurdjieff Work.
 
Much of the Howarth Gurdjieff Archive is intended primarily to serve as study materials for Gurdjieff Movements teachers and musicians. Other archive materials are of more general interest.

The Howarth Gurdjieff Archive is expected to be available according to NYPL policies for research collections, for visitors to the NYPL branches where the Howarth Gurdjieff Archive materials will reside (to be determined).
 
Establishing an archive collection at NYPL is a lengthy process, so please check back for further updates on either of our websites, as archive materials become available over time. If you wish to be added to the list of those who have requested email notifications, kindly join the Gurdjieff Heritage Society e-mail list as requested above**.
Thank you for your interest and patience. We hope you will make good and appropriate use of the archive materials as they become available, as Dushka wished.

Memorial Events 2010: Reports on Services for Dushka

May 9, 2010 By GHS

On Sunday morning, May 9, In Memory of Dushka, a Mass was celebrated at St. Vartan’s Cathedral. Later, a Requiem Service began around noon. As it was Mother’s Day, Jessmin Howarth’s name was included. That evening an intimate service was held at 4:40 in the Chapel where Dushka’s remains were transferred from a lovely urn made by Sylvia March to the permanent church urn. A Vespers Service was then held at 5:00pm May 9, which included Dushka’s inurnment.

Summary of Events, May 21, 2010 at St. Peter’s for Dushka’s Memorial Service:

Port o’ Monkeys Band ~ Dushka singing ~ An appreciation of Dushka — Patty de Llosa (text below) ~ Dick Hyman at the piano ~ Speaking of Dushka — Lillian Firestone & others ~ Poem – Robert Schneck ~ Lord’s Prayer in Russian -The Foundation Choir ~ Georgian “Kartuli” – Victor Sirelson and Partner ~ Gurdjieff music: Duduki and Easter Hymn and Procession in the Holy Night – Meg Sinclair ~ Greek Dance – Livia Vanaver and attendees.

(Patty de Llosa): “As Dushka’s oldest friend here, we grew up together, it falls on me to welcome everyone to this celebration of her life. So welcome to the many who’ve come from the Gurdjieff Foundation, and those from Warwick and Claymont and Philadelphia and the West Coast. Welcome all! Dushka’s ashes are right over there…

What’s that? Excuse me? Dushka? You’d like to welcome them yourself with a song? Ok.
(DUSHKA SINGS)

When I think of Dushka, three words come to mind: Talent, Fidelity and Courage. She and I had extraordinary parents*, hard to live up to, so I know she had a struggle to become her own person. You will read about her in the small biography in your program, but let me say that at 25 she spent time with her father, G. I. Gurdjieff in the last year of his life and recorded much of the music he played on the harmonium, which has recently become available to the public.

She started off as a publicist for up and coming young stars of stage and screen, including Dick Hyman, who has come here tonight to help us celebrate. Her talent showed up as she learned the guitar and began to sing and play in performance, finally becoming a cruise entertainment leader on the Greek Line.

When her mother became elderly she left that job and came home to be with her. That’s where the loyalty comes in. And the courage? After her Mother died she taught herself computer techniques and in spite of heart attacks, fractures and illnesses which left her bedridden in the last few years, she put together a book which she published early this year, It’s Up to Ourselves: A Mother, A Daughter and Gurdjieff. So perseverance is another word we can apply to her.

Excuse me, Folks. Dushka’s talking to me again. Enough talking? You want a dance? Is Livia anywhere around? And you want to know where’s Dick Hyman? He’s right over there and he’s going to play for us after the dance”.

[RIBBON DANCE
DICK HYMAN PLAYS]

“Have I mentioned Dushka’s adopted son? I bet you didn’t know she had one! But it’s Robert Schneck, who will read a poem he wrote for Dushka.”

One of the people who has most cared for and taken care of Dushka in the last few years when she was bedridden is Lillian Firestone. Lillian will be the MC for the rest of the evening”.

–Patty de Llosa
*Patty is daughter of Dr. William and Louise Welch

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